Filling of simulated lateral canals with gutta percha or resilon when using thermomechanical compaction.

AIMS: To evaluate the filling of simulated lateral canals with gutta-percha or Resilon when using thermomechanical compaction. SETTING AND DESIGN: Forty-five human single-rooted teeth were subjected to tooth decalcification and clearing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After root canal preparation, artificial lateral canals were made at 2, 5, and 8 mm from the working length (WL), corresponding to the apical, middle, and cervical thirds, respectively. The specimens were divided (n = 15) according to the filling material: Dentsply gutta-percha (GD), Odous gutta-percha (GO), and Resilon cones (RE). Root canals were obturated by thermomechanical compaction using a #45 compactor and no sealer. Lateral canals were analyzed by digital radiography and digital images after tooth decalcification and clearing using the Image Tool software. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests at 5% significance. RESULTS: In the coronal third, RE and GO presented more filling ability than GD (P < 0.05). In the middle and apical thirds, RE presented the best results. CONCLUSIONS: Resilon demonstrated filling ability as material for root canal obturation by using thermomechanical compaction.

Radiopacity, pH and antimicrobial activity of Portland cement associated with micro- and nanoparticles of zirconium oxide and niobium oxide.

The aim of this study was to evaluate some properties of the calcium silicate materials Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Portland cement (PC) with microparticulated (micro) and nanoparticulated (nano) zirconium oxide (ZrO2) or niobium oxide (Nb2O5). The experimental materials: White PC (PC), MTA-Angelus(®) (MTA), PC+ZrO2micro, PC+ZrO2nano, PC+Nb2O5micro and PC+Nb2O5nano were submitted to radiopacity and pH evaluations. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity against different microorganisms was assessed by agar diffusion test. MTA presented higher radiopacity than other materials. However, all materials except PC presented higher radiopacity than recommended by ISO/ADA. MTA promoted higher pH values in all analyzed periods (p≤0.05). At the initial periods, PC and PC+ZrO2micro showed pH similar to MTA. All materials showed antimicrobial activity against the evaluated microorganisms. In conclusion, ZrO2 and Nb2O5 could be alternative radiopacifiers to be added to calcium silicate materials.

Microparticulated and nanoparticulated zirconium oxide added to calcium silicate cement: Evaluation of physicochemical and biological properties.

The physicochemical and biological properties of calcium silicate-based cement (CS) associated to microparticulated (micro) or nanoparticulated (nano) zirconium oxide (ZrO2 ) were compared with CS and bismuth oxide (BO) with CS. The pH, release of calcium ions, radiopacity, setting time, and compression strength of the materials were evaluated. The tissue reaction promoted by these materials in the subcutaneous was also investigated by morphological, immunohistochemical, and quantitative analyses. For this purpose, polyethylene tubes filled with materials were implanted into rat subcutaneous. After 7, 15, 30, and 60 days, the tubes surrounded by capsules were fixed and embedded in paraffin. In the H&E-stained sections, the number of inflammatory cells (ICs) in the capsule was obtained. Moreover, detection of interleukin-6 (IL-6) by immunohistochemistry and number of IL-6 immunolabeled cells were carried out. von Kossa method was also performed. The differences among the groups were subjected to Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). The solutions containing the materials presented an alkaline pH and released calcium ions. The addition of radiopacifiers increased setting time and radiopacity of CS. A higher compressive strength in the CS + ZrO2 (micro and nano) was found compared with CS + BO. The number of IC and IL-6 positive cells in the materials with ZrO2 was significantly reduced in comparison with CS + BO. von Kossa-positive structures were observed adjacent to implanted materials. The ZrO2 associated to the CS provides satisfactory physicochemical properties and better biological response than BO. Thus, ZrO2 may be a good alternative for use as radiopacifying agent in substitution to BO.

Avaliação de propriedades físicas, químicas e biológicas de cimentos Portland associados a radiopacificadores micro e nanoparticulados / Evaluation of physical, chemical and biological properties of Portland cements associated with micro and nanoparticulate radiopacifiers

O Cimento Portland (CP) é um cimento de silicato de cálcio. Modificações em sua composição por meio de aditivos e resinas podem melhorar sua manipulação e presa. Foram avaliados MTA Angelus e diferentes cimentos de silicato de cálcio: puro (CSC), modificado (CSCM), resinoso 1 (CSCR1), resinoso 2 (CSCR2) e resinoso 3 (CSCR3). Dois cimentos foram selecionados para avaliação em associação aos radiopacificadores: óxido de zircônio (ZrO2) ou óxido de nióbio (Nb2O5) micro ou nanoparticulado, tungstato de cálcio (CaWO4) ou óxido de bismuto (Bi2O3). Na primeira etapa (Capítulo 1) foram avaliados tempo de presa, escoamento, resistência à compressão, quantificação de arsênio, radiopacidade e viabilidade celular. Na segunda etapa, os materiais CSCM e CSCR2 associados aos radiopacificadores forma avaliados quanto ao tempo de presa, escoamento, solubilidade, radiopacidade, resistência à compressão, pH, cálcio (capítulo 2); além de superfície, composição química, MTT e apoptose/necrose (capítulo 3). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste de Tukey (p˂0,05). Todos os cimentos apresentaram arsênio em níveis compatíveis com o uso clínico, e mostraram biocompatibilidade. O CSCR2 apresentou maior escoamento. As associações do CSCM + CaWO4 e CSCR2 + ZrO2 e Nb2O5 micro ou CaWO4 e o MTA Angelus apresentaram menor tempo de presa, e CSCM e CSCR2 + ZrO2 micro maior escoamento. Todos os cimentos apresentaram baixa solubilidade, pH alcalino e liberaram íons cálcio. Além disso, apresentam partículas de tamanho maior que o MTA, além de cálcio e silício em sua composição e foram biocompatíveis. Concluímos que os cimentos CSCM e CSCR2 apresentam potencial uso clínico quando associado aos radiopacificadores avaliados, destacando-se o ZrO2 e Nb2O5 microparticulados

Portland Cement (PC) is calcium silicate cement. Changes in its composition by additives and resins can improve their handling and setting time. It was evaluated MTA Angelus and different calcium silicate cements: pure (CSC), modified (CSCM), resin 1 (CSCR1), resin 2 (CSCR2) and resin 3 (CSCR3). After selection of two cements, they were associated with radiopacifiers: zirconium oxide (ZrO2) or niobium oxide (Nb2O5) micro or nanoparticulate, calcium tungstate (CaWO4) or bismuth oxide (Bi2O3). In the first fase (Chapter 1), setting time, flow, compressive strength, quantification of arsenic, radiopacity and cell viability were evaluated. In the second study, it were evaluated the setting time, flow, solubility, radiopacity, compressive strength, pH, calcium (Chapter 2), in addition to surface chemical composition, MTT and apoptosis/necrosis (Chapter 3) of cements CSCM and CSCR2 associated to radiopacifiers. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey test (p˂0.05). All sealers showed arsenic in compatible with clinical use levels, and showed biocompatibility. The CSCR2 showed higher flow. The associations of CSCM + CaWO4 and CSCR2 with ZrO2 or Nb2O5 micro or CaWO4 and MTA Angelus had lower setting time, and CSCM and CSCR2 + ZrO2 micro largest flow. All cements showed low solubility, alkaline and released calcium ions. Also, they have particles larger than the size MTA, calcium and silicon were present in their composition and they were biocompatible. It was concluded that the CSCM and CSCR2 cements have potential clinical use when associated with radiopacifiers reviews, specially the ZrO2 and Nb2O5 microparticulated

Radiopacity and flow of different endodontic sealers.

The present study evaluated the radiopacity and flow of different endodontic sealers: AH Plus, Endo CPM, MTA Fillapex, Sealapex, Epiphany, and Epiphany SE. For the radiopacity test, six specimens measuring 10 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness were fabricated from each material. They were radiographed on an occlusal film alongside an aluminum step wedge. Radiographs were digitized to determine the radiopacity equivalence in millimeters of aluminum. To evaluate the flow, a 120 g load was placed on top of a glass slab containing 0.05 +/- 0.005 mll of sealer. The diameters of each material were measured (mm) with a caliper and samples were photographed. Digitized images were analyzed using the UTHSCSA Image Tool for Windows software, to determine the sealer area (mm2). Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test at 5% significance. AH Plus and Epiphany SE presented the greatest radiopacity (12.5 mm Al and 12.0 mm Al, respectively) (p > 0.05), followed by Epiphany (9.6 mm Al) and Fillapex (8.9 mm Al). Endo CPM (5.46 mm Al) and Sealapex (5.51 mm Al) presented lower radiopacity. MTA Fillapex presented significantly higher values of flow than other sealers (33.11 mm and 844.9 mm2). AH Plus, Epiphany, and Epiphany SE had similar values. Endo CPM (21.05 mm and 342.8 mm2) and Sealapex (19.98 mm and 352.5 mm2) presented the lowest flow values (p > 0.05). All sealers presented radiopacity and flow values according to ISO and ANSI/ADA recommendations.

Effectiveness of gutta-percha and Resilon in filling lateral root canals using thermomechanical technique / Eficácia da guta-percha e Resilon na obturação de canais laterais usando técnica termomecânica

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a efetividade da guta-percha e Resilon no preenchimento de canais laterais nos terços cervical, médio e apical radicular quando utilizada a técnica termomecânica. Material e Método: Canais radiculares de dentes artificiais foram preparados utilizando um método padrão. Canais laterais foram confeccionados utilizando broca com 0,3 mm de diâmetro nos três terços radiculares. Os canais radiculares foram obturados pela técnica híbrida de Tagger utilizando-se o compactador de McSpadden. Foi avaliado o preenchimento dos canais laterais pelos seguintes materiais: cones de guta-percha Dentsply, guta-percha Endopoint e Resilon. A avaliação foi realizada por meio da análise de radiografias digitalizadas usando o programa Image Tool. A porcentagem da área preenchida pela área total de cada canal lateral foi determinada. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey com nível de significância de 5%. Resultado: O Resilon mostrou melhor efetividade como material de preenchimento. Na comparação entre os terços, o Resilon foi mais efetivo no terço apical que no cervical (p < 0,05). Conclusão: O Resilon foi o material mais efetivo para o preenchimento dos canais laterais quando utilizada a técnica termoplástica.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of gutta-percha and Resilon in filling lateral root canals in cervical, middle, and apical third using a thermomechanical technique. Material and Method: Root canals of artificial teeth were prepared using a standard preparation. The lateral canals were fabricated using a 0.3-mm-diameter bur at 3 parts of each root. By using Tagger's hybrid technique with a McSpadden thermomechanical compactor, the root canal was filled using the following filling materials: Dentsply gutta-percha, Endopoint gutta-percha, and Resilon cones. The root canal fillings were evaluated using digitized radiographs and the Image Tool software. The percentage of filled area of each lateral canal was determined. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests at a 5% significance level. Result: Resilon showed better effectiveness as a filling material. When the three thirds were compared, Resilon was more effective in the apical third than in the cervical third (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Resilon is an effective filling material for lateral root canals using a thermomechanical technique.

Radiopacity and flow of different endodontic sealers. / Radiopacity and flow of different endodontic sealers.

The present study evaluated the radiopacity and flow of different endodontic sealers: AH Plus, Endo CPM, MTA Fillapex, Sealapex, Epiphany, and Epiphany SE. For the radiopacity test, six specimens measuring 10 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness were fabricated from each material. They were radiographed on an occlusal film alongside an aluminum step wedge. Radiographs were digitized to determine the radiopacity equivalence in millimeters of aluminum. To evaluate the flow, a 120 g load was placed on top of a glass slab containing 0.05 +/- 0.005 mll of sealer. The diameters of each material were measured (mm) with a caliper and samples were photographed. Digitized images were analyzed using the UTHSCSA Image Tool for Windows software, to determine the sealer area (mm2). Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukeys test at 5

significance. AH Plus and Epiphany SE presented the greatest radiopacity (12.5 mm Al and 12.0 mm Al, respectively) (p > 0.05), followed by Epiphany (9.6 mm Al) and Fillapex (8.9 mm Al). Endo CPM (5.46 mm Al) and Sealapex (5.51 mm Al) presented lower radiopacity. MTA Fillapex presented significantly higher values of flow than other sealers (33.11 mm and 844.9 mm2). AH Plus, Epiphany, and Epiphany SE had similar values. Endo CPM (21.05 mm and 342.8 mm2) and Sealapex (19.98 mm and 352.5 mm2) presented the lowest flow values (p > 0.05). All sealers presented radiopacity and flow values according to ISO and ANSI/ADA recommendations.

Compressive Strength and Setting Time of MTA and Portland Cement Associated with Different Radiopacifying Agents.

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the compressive strength and setting time of MTA and Portland cement (PC) associated with bismuth oxide (BO), zirconium oxide (ZO), calcium tungstate (CT), and strontium carbonate (SC). Methods. For the compressive strength test, specimens were evaluated in an EMIC DL 2000 apparatus at 0.5 mm/min speed. For evaluation of setting time, each material was analyzed using Gilmore-type needles. The statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA and the Tukey tests, at 5% significance. Results. After 24 hours, the highest values were found for PC and PC + ZO. At 21 days, PC + BO showed the lowest compressive strength among all the groups. The initial setting time was greater for PC. The final setting time was greater for PC and PC + CT, and MTA had the lowest among the evaluated materials (P < 0.05). Conclusion. The results showed that all radiopacifying agents tested may potentially be used in association with PC to replace BO.

Ability of different methods to fill retrograde cavities with MTA

Introduction: The Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) has excellent biological property. However, its consistency makes it difficult to be inserted into retrograde cavities. Objective:To evaluate the ability of different methods to fill retrograde cavities with MTA. Material and methods: Root canals of thirty single-rooted resin teeth were prepared and filled. After the cut of 3 mm short of apical third, retrograde cavities with 3 mm deep were prepared using an ultrasound device and retrotips (CVD, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil). The retrograde preparation was evaluate by using an operative microscope (D.F. Vasconcellos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil). The teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10), according to the method: 1) condenser (Trinity, São Paulo, SP, Brazil); 2) MTA applicator (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) + condenser; 3) condenser associated with ultrasound (CVD, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil). After the filling of retrograde cavities with white MTA (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil), teeth were radiographed using a digital system (Kodak RVG 6000, Rochester, NY, USA). The images were analyzed by UTHSCSA Image Tool 3.0 software. The percentage of filling was calculated by the proportion between the total area of retrograde cavity and the filled area. The radiographic density mean of each third of retrograde cavity filled with MTA was measured by using the histogram tool of the software. The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests, with 5% of significance. Results: There was no difference in percentage of filling among the groups (p > 0.05) (approximately 85%). By comparing the thirds, the condenser and MTA applicator groups showed higher density for apical and middle third than cervical third (p < 0.05). The ultrasound group presented similar density among the thirds. Conclusion: The filling ability was similar for the studied methods. Ultrasound promoted better distribution of MTA in retrograde cavity, but did not increase the density of material.

Ação solvente do salicilato de metila sobre Resilon e guta-percha / Solvent action of methyl salicylate on Resilon and gutta-percha

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ação do salicilato de metila na dissolução de Resilon e guta-percha. Material e método: Dez discos de Resilon, guta-percha (Alpha) e guta-percha (ProTaper) foram preparados (10 mm de diâmetro × 1 mm de espessura) e mantidos a 37 °C por 48 horas. Cada amostra foi pesada em uma balança de precisão, determinando a massa inicial. Os espécimes foram imersos em salicilato de metila ou xilol (controle) por 5 minutos, lavados em água por 30 minutos, secos e, posteriormente, pesados em intervalos de 24 horas, até a estabilização da massa (massa final). A capacidade solvente foi expressa pela diferença entre a massa final e a inicial. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste de Tukey, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultado: Os resultados mostraram que o salicilato de metila foi mais efetivo sobre o Resilon do que sobre a guta-percha (p <0,05). A capacidade solvente do salicilato de metila foi semelhante à do xilol sobre o Resilon (p >0,05). O xilol mostrou melhor atuação sobre a guta-percha em comparação ao salicilato de metila (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Concluiu-se que o salicilato de metila não apresenta atuação solvente sobre guta-percha, sendo eficaz na dissolução do Resilon. O salicilato de metila demonstra ser alternativa ao uso do xilol durante o retratamento endodôntico de dentes obturados com Resilon.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of methyl salicylate in dissolving Resilon and gutta-percha. Material and method: Ten discs of Resilon, Alpha gutta-percha and ProTaper gutta-percha were prepared (10 mm diameter × 1 mm thick) and kept at 37 °C for 48 hours. Each sample was weighed in a balance of accuracy determining the initial mass. The specimens were immersed in methyl salicylate or xylene (control) for 5  minutes, rinsed in water for 30 minutes, dried and subsequently weighed in 24 hours intervals until the stabilization of weight (final mass). The solvent capacity was expressed by the difference between the final and initial mass. The data were analyzed by using ANOVA and Tukey test with significance level of 5%. Result: The results showed that the methyl salicylate was more effective on Resilon than on gutta-percha (p < 0.05). Methyl salicylate and xylene had similar solvent action on Resilon (p > 0.05). The xylene showed better performance on gutta-percha than methyl salicylate (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that methyl salicylate did not show solvent action on gutta-percha, however it showed effectiveness in dissolution of Resilon. Thus methyl salicylate can be a possible alternative to the use of xylene during endodontic retreatment of teeth obturated with Resilon.

Ability of gutta-percha and Resilon to fill simulated lateral canals by using the Obtura II system.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of Resilon (Resilon Research, LLC, North Branford, CT) and 2 types of gutta-percha to fill simulated lateral canals when using the Obtura II system (Model 823-700; Obtura Spartan, Fenton, MO). METHODS: Forty-five human single-rooted teeth were selected and subjected to root canal preparation. After that, simulated lateral canals were made at 2, 5, and 8 mm from the working length (WL). The specimens were divided into 3 groups (n = 15) according to the filling material used: Obtura Flow 150 gutta-percha (Obtura flow), Odous Endo Flow gutta-percha (Odous; Odous De Deus Ind e Com. Ltda Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil), and Resilon pellets (Resilon). Root canals were filled using the Obtura II system with the tip inserted to 3 mm from the WL. No sealer was used for root canal obturation. Specimens were subjected to a tooth decalcification and clearing method, and filling of the lateral canals was analyzed by digital radiography and photographs. The measurement of lateral canal filling was done using Image Tool software (UTHSCSA Image Tool for Windows version 3.0, San Antonio, TX). Data were statistically analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test at 5% significance. RESULTS: All materials showed an ability to penetrate into the simulated lateral canals, with a minimum percentage of 73% in all thirds of the root canal. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that gutta-percha and Resilon are solid core materials with a lateral canal filling ability when used with the Obtura II system.

Sealing ability of retrograde obturation materials containing calcium hydroxide or MTA.

Newly available materials for retrograde obturation should have their sealing properties evaluated. The goal of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of Endo CPM sealer, an MTA-based endodontic cement. Single-rooted extracted human teeth were endodontically treated. After apical sectioning, retrograde cavities were prepared. Teeth were divided into five experimental groups (n=12), in which the following materials were used: Sealer 26 (S26), white Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Endo CPM Sealer (CPM1), Endo CPM Sealer in thicker consistency (CPM 2), and zinc oxide and eugenol cement (ZOE), and two control groups (n=3). After retrograde obturation, the teeth were immersed in 0.2% rhodamine B dye for 48 hours in a vacuum chamber Marginal leakage data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey tests at 5% significance level. S26 presented greater sealing ability (p<0.05) than ZOE, MTA, CPM1, and CPM2, all of which had similar results (p>0.05). We concluded that Sealer 26 has the greatest sealing ability. Endo CPM Sealer, with sealing ability similar to MTA, could be used as a retrograde obturation material.

Effectiveness of gutta-percha and Resilon in filling lateral root canals using the Obtura II system.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of gutta-percha and Resilon in filling lateral root canals by using the Obtura II system. Root canals of artificial teeth were prepared using a standard protocol, and lateral canals were made in three thirds of the root canal. The root canals were filled with either Obtura gutta-percha (OB), Endo-points flow gutta-percha (ED), or Resilon (RE) by using the Obtura II system. The fillings were evaluated using digitized radiographs and analyzed by using Image Tool software. Outlines of the total areas of the lateral canals and the filled areas were used to determine the percentage of filling in each lateral canal. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests at a 5% significance level. RE and ED showed better results than OB did in the three thirds of the root canals. When the root canal thirds were compared, OB and RE were more effective in the cervical third than in the apical third (p < 0.05). In conclusion, Resilon and EndoFlow gutta-percha were effective in filling lateral canals by using the Obtura II system.

Effectiveness of gutta-percha and Resilon in filling lateral root canals using the Obtura II system

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of gutta-percha and Resilon in filling lateral root canals by using the Obtura II system. Root canals of artificial teeth were prepared using a standard protocol, and lateral canals were made in three thirds of the root canal. The root canals were filled with either Obtura gutta-percha (OB), Endo-points flow gutta-percha (ED), or Resilon (RE) by using the Obtura II system. The fillings were evaluated using digitized radiographs and analyzed by using Image Tool software. Outlines of the total areas of the lateral canals and the filled areas were used to determine the percentage of filling in each lateral canal. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests at a 5 percent significance level. RE and ED showed better results than OB did in the three thirds of the root canals. When the root canal thirds were compared, OB and RE were more effective in the cervical third than in the apical third (p < 0.05). In conclusion, Resilon and EndoFlow gutta-percha were effective in filling lateral canals by using the Obtura II system.

Capacidade de termoplastifcação da guta-percha com diferentes conicidades / Thermoplasticity capacity of gutta-percha with different tapers

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade de termoplastificação da guta-percha com diferentes conicidades utilizadas na obturação de canais radiculares: Dentsply convencional (Dentsply Ind. e Com. Ltda., Petrópolis - RJ, Brasil), Dentsply 0,04, (Dentsply Ind. e Com. Ltda., Petrópolis-RJ, Brasil), Antaeos 0,04 (VDW GmbH, München, Alemanha), Protaper (Dentsply Ind. e Com. Ltda., Petrópolis-RJ, Brasil) e Alfa 0,06 (VDW GmbH, München, Alemanha). Material e método: Corpos de prova de cada material (n = 10) foram confeccionados após aquecimento. Depois de 24 horas, foram novamente aquecidos à temperatura de 70 °C e posicionados entre duas placas de vidro, sendo submetidos a uma compressão de 5 kg por 2 minutos. A imagem digitalizada dos grupos antes e depois da compressão foi analisada no software Image Tool (UTHSCSA Image Tool for Windows version 3.0, San Antonio, TX, USA). A capacidade de escoamento dos diferentes materiais foi determinada pela diferença entre as áreas inicial e final da cada espécime. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste ANOVA e Tukey com nível de significância de 5%. Resultado: Dentre os materiais analisados, os cones de guta-percha Alfa 0,06 e Protaper apresentaram maior termoplastificação quando comparados aos demais (p < 0,05). O grupo Dentsply apresentou termoplasticidade intermediária, enquanto que os grupos Dentsply 0,04 e Antaeos 0,04 apresentaram menor termoplastificação após aquecimento (p > 0,05). Conclusão: Os cones de guta-percha apresentam diferentes propriedades de termoplastificação, sendo esta característica importante na seleção das técnicas de obturação termoplásticas.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the thermoplasticity of the gutta-percha cones used for root canal obturation: Dentsply convencional (Dentsply Ind. e Com., Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil), Dentsply 0.04, (Dentsply Ind. e Com., Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil), Antaeos 0.04 (VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany), ProTaper (Dentsply Ind. e Com., Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil) and Alfa 0.06 (VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany). Material and method: Specimens of each material (n = 10) were prepared after heating. After 24 hours were again heated to 70 °C and placed between two glass plates and subjected to a compression of 5 kg for 2 minutes. The scanned image of the groups before and after the compression was analyzed with the software Image Tool (UTHSCSA Image Tool for Windows version 3.0, San Antonio, TX, USA). The flow capacity of the different materials was determined by the difference between the initial and final area of each specimen. The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test with significance level of 5%. Result: Among the material evaluated, the gutta-percha cones Alpha 0.06 and ProTaper presented more thermoplasticity than other groups (p < 0.05). The Dentsply gutta-percha presented thermoplasticity intermediate. The groups Dentsply 0.04 and 0.04 showed lower thermoplasticity after heating (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The gutta-percha present different property of thermoplasticity, which is important to selection of thermoplastic obturation techniques.

Thermoplasticity of microseal and TC gutta-percha (Tanaka de Castro) and three gutta-percha cones

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the thermoplasticity of materials used in root canal filling. Methods: Specimens with standardized dimensions were fabricated using Tanari, Roeko and Activ Point gutta-percha cones, as well as Microseal and TC gutta-percha. After 24 hours, the specimens were placed in water at 70 ºC for 60 seconds and positioned between two glass slabs. Each set was compressed by a 5 kg weight. Digital images of the specimens before and after compression were obtained and analyzed. The thermoplasticity was evaluated based on the difference between the final and initial areas. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s tests at a 5% significance level. Results: TC and Microseal gutta-percha presented the highest thermoplasticity (p < 0.05). Among the gutta-percha cones, Tanari and Roeko presented the highest thermoplasticity and differed when compared to Activ Point (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that TC and Microseal gutta-percha filling systems present better thermoplastic properties.